Researchers analyzed cost-assessment data to determine effective practices for different substance abuse treatment modes, including outpatient and residential treatment, methadone maintenance, and treatment of special populations.

The report also includes analysis of the cost-benefits of improved outcomes, using a benefit cost ratio analysis (BCR) of 1 or higher to designate a cost-effective program.

Findings included:

• Evidence-based practices achieve clinically significant reductions in alcohol and drug use and improvements in clients' health and social functions.

• Residential programs may be more effective than outpatient ones for high-risk populations, although outpatient programs reduce substance use at a lower cost.

• Enhanced outpatient programs are more cost-effective than standard ones.

• Brief interventions for clients who use alcohol may be more effective in some settings than in others.

• Prison treatment is cost-effective when combined with post-release aftercare services.